{"id":1148,"date":"2025-10-19T15:03:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-19T15:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/?page_id=1148"},"modified":"2025-11-01T17:40:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T17:40:56","slug":"kdibis-bullwhip-effekt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-bullwhip-effekt\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdibis | Bullwhip-Effekt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5474f00b wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained wp-container-2 is-position-sticky\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:0;padding-left:0\"><nav class=\"has-text-color has-base-color has-background has-custom-color-1-background-color is-responsive items-justified-center wp-block-navigation is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-11db0663 wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex\" aria-label=\"Menu D\" \n\t\t 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4.47 4.47 5.53 10.94 12l-6.47 6.47 1.06 1.06L12 13.06l6.47 6.47 1.06-1.06L13.06 12Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-watch=\"callbacks.focusFirstElement\"\n\t\t\t id=\"modal-1-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-navigation__container has-text-color has-base-color has-background has-custom-color-1-background-color is-responsive items-justified-center wp-block-navigation\"><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-home-d\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Kdibis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-bullwhip-effekt\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Bullwhip-Effekt<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibisglobal-bullwhip-game-d\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Bullwhip-Game<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibisglobal-supply-chain-planspiele\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">KdibisGlobal Supply Chain Planspiele<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-preisliste\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Preisliste<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.kdibisglobal.org\" target=\"_blank\"  ><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">kdibisglobal.org<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-home-e\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">E<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-home-d\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">D<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">Der Bullwhip-Effekt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-left:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">Der <strong>Bullwhip-Effekt<\/strong> ist die Oszillation des Bedarfs in einer Supply Chain, die sich von Stufe zu Stufe mit zunehmendem Abstand vom Endkunden verst\u00e4rkt. Dieses Ph\u00e4nomen des scheinbar irrationalen Bestellverhaltens von <strong>Menschen<\/strong> innerhalb der Supply Chain erfahren Kursmitglieder im <br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-bier-game\/\">KdibisGlobal Bier Game<\/a><\/strong> (Gronwald 2025).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipeffectD-scaled.png\" alt=\"Der Bullwhip-Effekt in einer vierstufigen Supply Chain als Ergebnis des Kdibis-Beer-Games.\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-1185\" style=\"border-color:#034c5f;border-width:1px;border-radius:6px;width:1260px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipeffectD-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipeffectD-300x42.png 300w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipeffectD-1024x142.png 1024w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipeffectD-768x107.png 768w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipeffectD-1536x214.png 1536w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipeffectD-2048x285.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Es gibt <strong>verhaltensbedingte<\/strong> und <strong>operative <\/strong>Ursachen f\u00fcr die irrationalen Entscheidungen, die Menschen in der Supply Chain treffen und dadurch den Bullwhip-Effekt ausl\u00f6sen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center is-style-text-subtitle is-style-text-subtitle--3\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>Verhaltensbedingte Ursachen f\u00fcr den Bullwhip-Effekt<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\"><strong>Mangelnde Kommunikation und Transparenz<\/strong> f\u00fchren zu einer Isolation der Gesch\u00e4ftsbereiche von den Gesch\u00e4ftsabl\u00e4ufen der gesamten Supply Chain und zu unterschiedlichen <strong>Wahrnehmungen<\/strong> der Teilnehmer, die sie nur aus den eingehenden Bestellungen und Lieferungen erkennen k\u00f6nnen, insbesondere dann, wenn die Liefermenge von der Bestellmenge abweicht. Bei Lieferengp\u00e4ssen des Lieferanten ist sie geringer und f\u00fchrt dort automatisch zu Backorders (Fehlmengen). Diese k\u00f6nnen dann \u00fcberraschend f\u00fcr die bestellende Gesch\u00e4ftseinheit zu einer gro\u00dfen Nachlieferung f\u00fchren, sobald der Lieferant wieder liefern kann (Gronwald 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center is-style-text-subtitle is-style-text-subtitle--4\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>Operative Ursachen f\u00fcr den Bullwhip-Effekt<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><strong>Demand Signal Processing<\/strong> (Nachfragesignalsteuerung) ist die i<strong>ndividuelle Aktualisierung des Forecasts<\/strong> durch jedes Mitglied der Supply Chain auf Grundlage der eingegangenen Auftr\u00e4ge. Bei saisonaler Nachfragestreuung kommt es zu einem Nachfrageschub, und der Einzelh\u00e4ndler wird dies als Signal f\u00fcr eine h\u00f6here zuk\u00fcnftige Nachfrage interpretieren, den Forecast aktualisieren und einen gr\u00f6\u00dferen Auftrag erteilen. Der Verteiler, der die h\u00f6here Nachfrage vom Einzelh\u00e4ndler erh\u00e4lt, wird dasselbe tun, ebenso der Gro\u00dfh\u00e4ndler und die Produktion. Je gr\u00f6sser der Abstand zu den Endkunden in der Supply Chain ist, desto weniger spiegeln diese Forecasts die tats\u00e4chliche Nachfrage der Endkunden wider (Lee et al. 1997).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Order Batching<\/strong> (Auftragsb\u00fcndelung) erfolgt, wenn jedes Mitglied die Bestellmengen, die es von seinem vorherigen Partner in der Supply Chain erh\u00e4lt, auf- oder abrundet, um sie der Produktion anzupassen. Je mehr Mitglieder eine solche Rundung der Bestellmengen vornehmen, desto st\u00e4rker verzerren sich die urspr\u00fcnglichen Bestellmengen (Gronwald 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Rationing and Gaming<\/strong> hat zwei Aspekte: Rationierung, wenn ein Verk\u00e4ufer aufgrund von Engp\u00e4ssen nur einen bestimmten Prozentsatz der vom K\u00e4ufer aufgegebenen Bestellung liefern kann, und Gaming, wenn der K\u00e4ufer erkennt, dass der Verk\u00e4ufer nur einen Bruchteil der aufgegebenen Bestellung liefert und das System durch Anpassungen der Bestellmenge nach oben manipuliert. Rationing und Gaming f\u00fchren zu Verzerrungen im Bestellsystem der Lieferkette (Gronwald 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Lead Time<\/strong> (Lieferverz\u00f6gerung) ist die Zeitdifferenz zwischen dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem ein Mitglied der Supply Chain den Auftrag von seinem direkt vorgelagerten Partner erh\u00e4lt, und dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem der vorgelagerte Partner die bestellte Menge erh\u00e4lt. Lieferverz\u00f6gerungen verst\u00e4rken den Bullwhip-Effekt. Im <a href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-bier-game\/\">Kdibis-Bier-Game<\/a> betr\u00e4gt die Lieferverz\u00f6gerung zwei Zyklen (Gronwald 2025). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center is-style-text-subtitle is-style-text-subtitle--5\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Der Bullwhip-Effekt-Index<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Es gibt zahlreiche Methoden, um den Bullwhip-Effekt zu quantifizieren. Im Kdibis-Bier-Game verwenden wir eine modifizierte Form des <strong>Bullwhip-Effekt-Index<\/strong> als Verh\u00e4ltnis der Varianz des Bestellausgangs zum nachgelagerten Mitglied der Supply Chain zur Varianz des Bestelleingangs vom vorgelagerten Mitglied. Die Varianz ist das Quadrat der Standardabweichung in einer Normalverteilung. Damit l\u00e4sst sich ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen den vom Bullwhip-Effekt beeinflussten Lagerkosten und dem Bestellverhalten der handelnden Personen herstellen (Gronwald 2025). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipindexD-scaled.png\" alt=\"Der Bullwhip-Effekt-Index zur Quantifizierung des Bullwhip-Effekts und der dadurch beeinflussten Lagerkosten als Ergebnis des Kdibis-Beer-Games.\" class=\"has-border-color wp-image-1213\" style=\"border-color:#034c5f;border-width:1px;border-radius:6px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipindexD-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipindexD-300x42.png 300w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipindexD-1024x142.png 1024w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipindexD-768x107.png 768w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipindexD-1536x214.png 1536w, https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/BullwhipindexD-2048x285.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Der optimale Bullwhip-Effekt-Index ist 1, wenn der Bestellausgang gleich dem Bestelleingang ist. Gem\u00e4\u00df Metters (1997) kann die Eliminierung des Bullwhip-Effekts die j\u00e4hrlichen Lagerhaltungskosten um bis zu 33% senken. Die Beseitigung des Bullwhip-Effekts bedeutet nicht unbedingt, dass die Lagerkosten bereits optimiert oder minimiert sind. Im nachfolgenden Kdibis-Supply-Chain-Game werden wir Methoden zum Forecasting f\u00fcr alle Mitglieder der Supply Chain einf\u00fchren, die in Verbindung mit Kommunikation und Transparenz den Bullwhip-Effekt minimieren, sowie Methoden zum Inventory Management, um die Lagerhaltungskosten zu optimieren . Damit lassen sich die Lagerkosten in unserer Businesssimulation um bis zu 60% senken (Gronwald 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center is-style-text-subtitle is-style-text-subtitle--6\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Literatur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kdgronwald.ch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gronwald K (2025) Integrierte Business-Informationssysteme 4.Aufl. Springer Vieweg Berlin, Heidelberg.<\/a><br>Lee H et al. (1997) Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The Bullwhip Effect, Management Science; Apr 1997; 43; 4; ABI\/INFORM Global pg. 546.<br>Metters R (1997) Quantifying the Bullwhip effect in supply chains. J Oper Manag 15: 89\u2013100.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-c876d8ae wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-about-e\/\">About us<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-contact\/\">Contact<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-terms-e\/\">Terms<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-imprint-e\/\">Imprint<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">*<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-about-d\/\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\u00dcber uns<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-kontakt\/\">Kontakt<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-terms-d\/\">AGB<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/index.php\/kdibis-imprint-d\/\">Impressum<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a9 Kdibis Learning Games Dr. K.D. Gronwald 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_1148\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"1148\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Der Bullwhip-Effekt Der Bullwhip-Effekt ist die Oszillation des Bedarfs in einer Supply Chain, die sich von Stufe zu Stufe mit zunehmendem Abstand vom Endkunden verst\u00e4rkt. Dieses Ph\u00e4nomen des scheinbar irrationalen Bestellverhaltens von Menschen innerhalb der Supply Chain erfahren Kursmitglieder im KdibisGlobal Bier Game (Gronwald 2025). Es gibt verhaltensbedingte und operative Ursachen f\u00fcr die irrationalen Entscheidungen, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_1148\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"1148\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/kdibis.com\/kdibiswp\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-no-title","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1148","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - 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